ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the mechanism of joint cavity injection of Dioscoreae Rhizoma polysaccharides （DRP） in protecting against cartilage degeneration and inhibiting the expression of inflammatory factors in the rabbit model of knee osteoarthritis to provide relevant references for the development and further research on DRP. Method:Fifty-five New Zealand white rabbits were selected for the induction of knee osteoarthritis model by the modified Hulth's modeling method. The model rabbits were randomly divided into a model group， a sodium hyaluronate group （1.00 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>）， and low- （0.7 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>）， medium- （1.43 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>）， and high-dose （2.15 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>） DRP group according to a random number table. One week after modeling， the rabbits in the groups with drug intervention were treated correspondingly for five weeks， once per week， and no intervention was performed in the model group. Five weeks later， the joint specimens were observed by visual observation. The articular cartilage tissues were observed under the light microscope for pathological sections and scores by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and toluidine blue （TB） staining. The expression levels of interleukin-6 （IL-6）， interleukin-1<italic>β</italic> （IL-1<italic>β</italic>）， and tumor necrosis factor-<italic>α </italic>（TNF-<italic>α</italic>） in the synovial fluid were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 （MMP-13）， transforming growth factor-<italic>β</italic><sub>1</sub> （TGF-<italic>β</italic><sub>1</sub>）， and type Ⅱ collagen （Col-Ⅱ） in the articular cartilage were measured by immunohistochemistry. Result:After five weeks of DRP intervention， compared with the model group， the DRP groups exhibited lowered levels of IL-6， IL-1<italic>β</italic>， and TNF-<italic>α</italic> in the synovial fluid （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， reduced expression of MMP-13 in the articular cartilage （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， and increased levels of TGF-<italic>β</italic><sub>1 </sub>and Col-Ⅱ （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Compared with the low-dose and high-dose DRP groups， the medium-dose DRP group showed reduced levels of IL-6， IL-1<italic>β</italic>， and TNF-<italic>α</italic> in the knee joint （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， increased levels of TGF-<italic>β</italic><sub>1</sub> and Col-Ⅱ in cartilage tissues （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， and dwindled level of MMP-13 （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Compared with the sodium hyaluronate group， the medium-dose DRP group showed no significant differences in IL-6， IL-1<italic>β</italic>， and TNF-<italic>α</italic> in rabbit knee joints， and TGF-<italic>β</italic><sub>1</sub>， Col-Ⅱ， and MMP-13 in cartilage tissues. Conclusion:Joint cavity injection of DRP can significantly reduce the expression of IL-6， IL-1<italic>β</italic>， and TNF-<italic>α</italic> in rabbit synovial fluid， effectively inhibit the expression of MMP-13 in the articular cartilage to suppress the degradation of articular cartilage collagen and promote the synthesis of TGF-<italic>β</italic><sub>1</sub> and Col-Ⅱ. Therefore， DRP can protect and repair articular cartilage to delay the degeneration of articular cartilage.
ABSTRACT
Gemcitabine (GEM) is a commonly used drug in the clinical treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Due to the accumulation of cells mediating immune escape and T cell depletion after chemotherapy, tumor microenvironment (TME) tends to be immunosuppressive status, which ultimately leads to tumor metastasis. The experimental protocol was approved by the Medical Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee of Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine. Therefore, we observed the immunomodulatory effects of micro-particulate Ganoderma lucidum spore β-glucan (PGSG) on macrophages in vitro experiments. Next, mice subcutaneous Lewis lung cancer models were established to observe the anti-tumor effects of PGSG through oral administration of PGSG combined with GEM. Flow cytometry analysis was used to analyze the ratio of anti-tumor T cells in tumors and spleen, as well as the proportion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) and regulatory cells (Tregs). The results showed that PGSG can up-regulate the expression of major histocompatibility antigens (MHC-II), CD40, CD86 and CD80 on the surface of macrophages, enhance the ability to phagocytosis of neutral red and further mediate the release of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10). In vivo experiments, combined administration can significantly decrease the volume and weight of tumors, reduce the ratio of MDSC (CD11b+Gr-1+), M-MDSC (CD11b+Ly6G-Ly6Chigh) and Treg (CD4+Foxp3+). At the same time, PGSG promoted the conversion of M2 (F4/80+CD206+) to M1 (F4/80+MHC-II+) and enhanced the response of helper T cell-1 (Th1) (CD4+IFN-γ+) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) (CD8+IFN-γ+), which is of great significance for killing tumors. These results suggest that PGSG can regulate innate and adaptive antitumor immune responses, reshape the immunosuppressive microenvironment and enhance the anti-lung cancer effect of GEM.
ABSTRACT
This study evaluated the effects of epimedium polysaccharide(EPS) on the solubility of icariin and baohuoside Ⅰ so as to preliminary explore its solubilization function and the underlying mechanism. The solubility of these two insoluble flavonoids in water and polysaccharide solutions was compared by high performance liquid chromatography, and the mechanism was investigated by diffe-rential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and critical micelle concentration determination. The results indicated that their solubilization in crude EPS solutions was concentration-dependent. The solubility of icariin and baohuoside Ⅰ in 20 mg·mL~(-1) EPS-1-1 was 9.05 times and 5.76 times that in water, respectively; while their solubility in 20 mg·mL~(-1) EPS-2-1 was 10.55 and 8.39 times that in water, respectively. The change of the DSC thermograms suggested the formation of new complexes from icariin and baohuoside Ⅰ with polysaccharides. The critical micelle concentrations proved the micellar properties of both EPS-1-1 and EPS-2-1. In short, EPS can significantly increase the solubility of icariin and baohuoside Ⅰ, the mechanism of which may be related to the formation of micellar complexes between EPS and insoluble flavonoids.
Subject(s)
Epimedium , Flavonoids , Polysaccharides , SolubilityABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) on venous thrombosis and quality of life after lung cancer surgery, basing on the conventional nursing and early functional exercise.@*METHODS@#A total of 120 patients diagnosed as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and received radical resection of lung cancer surgery for the first time were randomized into a conventional nursing group, a rehabilitation training group and a TEAS group, 40 cases in each group. Conventional nursing was adopted in the conventional nursing group. Conventional nursing combined with early functional exercise were adopted in the rehabilitation training group, the exercise was taken 20 min each time, once in both morning and afternoon for 5 days. On the basis of the treatment in the rehabilitation training group, TEAS was applied at Zusanli (ST 36), Xuehai (SP 10), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), etc. in the TEAS group, with disperse-dense wave in frequency of 30 Hz/100 Hz and tolerable intensity, 30 min each time, once in both morning and afternoon for 5 days. The incidence of venous thrombosis in each group was observed at the 5th day after surgery. Before surgery and at the 5th day after surgery, the Caprini thrombus risk assessment was performed, the Karnofsky performance status (KPS) scale and the functional assessment of cancer therapy-lung (FACT-L) were used to evaluate the quality of life.@*RESULTS@#At the 5th day after surgery, no thrombosis was found in the TEAS group, the incidence of venous thrombosis in the TEAS group was lower than 15.0% (6/40) in the conventional nursing group (@*CONCLUSION@#On the basis of the conventional nursing and early functional exercise, TEAS can reduce the incidence of venous thrombosis, effectively prevent thrombosis and improve quality of life.
Subject(s)
Humans , Acupuncture Points , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/surgery , Lung Neoplasms/surgery , Quality of Life , Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation , Venous Thrombosis/etiologyABSTRACT
In this study, an immunostimulating particulate β-glucan was isolated from a hot alkaline extract of the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum. The optimum conditions of 8 hours treatment time, 1∶20 solid - liquid ratio and 55 ℃ for the alkaline extract process were obtained after investigating by single-factor experiments and Box-Benhnken design in terms of the Ganoderma lucidum particulate β-glucan (GLG) increment, and these conditions resulted in a GLG yield of 8.57%. The experimental protocol was approved by the Medical Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee of Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine. The result showed that resident macrophages were effectively activated by GLG, such as with the up-regulation of co-stimulatory molecules, the secretion of cytokines and phagocytic uptake. GLG could also promote the proliferation of spleen lymphocytes in mice. In addition, IFN-γ production of spleen CD4+ T cells and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses were significantly enhanced on GLG orally treatment, which ultimately resulted in significantly decreased tumor burden. Taken together, these data suggest that GLG might act as an immune stimulator to exert antitumor effects.
ABSTRACT
There is continuous debate regarding the effectiveness of thymectomy in the treatment of non-thymomatous myasthenia gravis (MG). This systematic review was undertaken to determine whether thymectomy was effective in non-thymomatous MG. We retrieved articles published between January 1980 and September 2013. Sixteen cohort studies were included. Given the considerable heterogeneity, we used a descriptive method instead of statistical synthesis. The median relative rates (RRs) and their interquartile ranges were used to estimate the magnitude of benefit. Compared to conservatively treated MG patients, thymectomized patients had higher survival, clinical remission, pharmacologic remission and improvement rates, and RRs were 1.07 (1.01-1.17), 1.83 (0.82-2.99), 1.55 (1.22-1.95) and 1 (1.00-1.09), respectively. Subgroup analyses showed that patients with moderate to severe generalized MG benefited more from thymectomy, with RRs of survival and pharmacologic remission increasing to 1.35 (1.24-1.49) and 2.68 (1.73-4.17), respectively. These results suggested that thymectomy might be an effective procedure in non-thymomatous MG patients. The patients with moderate to severe generalized MG might benefit more. Taking into account the poor methodological quality of present studies, more well-designed prospective randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are still required to reach unequivocal conclusion.
ABSTRACT
There is continuous debate regarding the effectiveness of thymectomy in the treatment of non-thymomatous myasthenia gravis (MG). This systematic review was undertaken to determine whether thymectomy was effective in non-thymomatous MG. We retrieved articles published between January 1980 and September 2013. Sixteen cohort studies were included. Given the considerable heterogeneity, we used a descriptive method instead of statistical synthesis. The median relative rates (RRs) and their interquartile ranges were used to estimate the magnitude of benefit. Compared to conservatively treated MG patients, thymectomized patients had higher survival, clinical remission, pharmacologic remission and improvement rates, and RRs were 1.07 (1.01-1.17), 1.83 (0.82-2.99), 1.55 (1.22-1.95) and 1 (1.00-1.09), respectively. Subgroup analyses showed that patients with moderate to severe generalized MG benefited more from thymectomy, with RRs of survival and pharmacologic remission increasing to 1.35 (1.24-1.49) and 2.68 (1.73-4.17), respectively. These results suggested that thymectomy might be an effective procedure in non-thymomatous MG patients. The patients with moderate to severe generalized MG might benefit more. Taking into account the poor methodological quality of present studies, more well-designed prospective randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are still required to reach unequivocal conclusion.
Subject(s)
Humans , Disease-Free Survival , Myasthenia Gravis , Mortality , General Surgery , Survival Rate , ThymectomyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the HAA regimen (homoharringtonine, cytarabine and aclarubicin) as induction chemotherapy in de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The efficacy and safety of 236 de novo AML patients who received the HAA regimen as induction chemotherapy were retrospectively analyzed. The complete remission (CR) rate was assayed. Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate overall survival (OS) and relapse free survival (RFS), and the differences were compared by Log-rank test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The overall CR rate was 78.0%, and 65.7% of the patients attained CR in the first induction cycle. The early death rate was 4.7%. The median followup time was 41(1-161) months. The estimated 5-year OS and 5-year RFS rates were 44.9% and 45.5%, respectively. The CR rates of patients with favorable, intermediate and unfavorable cytogenetics were 92.9%,78.6%and 41.7%, respectively. The 5-year OS of favorable and intermediate group were 61.1% and 45.1%, respectively. The 5- year RFS of favorable and intermediate group were 49.0% and 45.4%, respectively. The median survival time of unfavorable group was only 5 months. The side effects associated with the HAA regimen were tolerable, in which the most common toxicities were myelosuppression and infection.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The HAA regimen is associated with a higher rate of CR and longer survival time and its toxicity could be tolerated.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols , Therapeutic Uses , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute , Drug Therapy , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of Helicobacter Pylori lipopolysaccharide (Hp-LPS) on expression of Gli and Ptch-1 proteins in sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway of gastric mucosa GES-1 cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The LPS was extracted from Hp by hot phenol water method, and then the concentration of LPS was detected by the kinetic turbidimetric assay. GES-1 cells were stimulated by different concentrations of Hp-LPS (0, 1, 10, 20, 30 and 40 μg/ml). The inhibition rates of cell growth were measured by MTT assay after treated with Hp-LPS for 24 h. The expression of Gli and Ptch-1 proteins were determined by Western Blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>MTT assay showed that the inhibition rates of GES-1 cell growth after treatment by different concentrations of Hp-LPS (1, 10, 20, 30 and 40μg/ml) were 25.8% ± 2.7%, 34.2% ± 3.1 %, 46.3% 3.4%, 60.8% ± 2.1% and 82.9% ± 2.8% respectively (r=0.985, P<0.001). Western blot showed that the expressions of Gli and Ptch-1 proteins were decreased after Hp-LPS treatment (0, 1, 10, 20, 30 and 40 μg/ml): the relative expression values of Gli were 1.286 ± 0.180, 0.963 ± 0.067, 0.850 ± 0.085, 0.566 ± 0.058, 0.549 ± 0.056 and 0.377 ± 0.047, respectively (r=-0.945, P<0.001); those of Ptch-1 were 1.688 ± 0.088, 1.466 ± 0.061, 1.170 ± 0.065, 1.042 ± 0.064, 0.648 ± 0.057 and 0.482 ± 0.074, respectively (r=-0.985, P<0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Hp-LPS can decrease the related protein expression of Shh signaling pathway, which indicates that Hp may interfere with the function of Shh signaling pathway in gastric mucosa via the effect of its LPS.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Cells, Cultured , Epithelial Cells , Gastric Mucosa , Cell Biology , Hedgehog Proteins , Metabolism , Lipopolysaccharides , Pharmacology , Patched Receptors , Patched-1 Receptor , Receptors, Cell Surface , Metabolism , Signal Transduction , Transcription Factors , Metabolism , Zinc Finger Protein GLI1ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the distribution of multiple food allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis in Guangzhou area.@*METHOD@#Skin prick tests were performed in 1529 patients with allergic rhinitis. The result was discussed by the age of patients, the types of allergens and the response intensity.@*RESULT@#Five hundred and eighty-seven cases were positive. The most important food allergens were crab (25.6%), prawn (19.4%). There were statistical differences of positive reactions among three age groups (P < 0. 05). The main food allergen was seafood.@*CONCLUSION@#Crab and prawn are the main food allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis in Guangzhou. It is helpful for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Animals , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Allergens , China , Epidemiology , Dairy Products , Eggs , Food , Food Hypersensitivity , Epidemiology , Meat Products , Rhinitis, Allergic , Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial , Epidemiology , Seafood , Skin TestsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the protective effect of Shenmai Injection (SMI) on acute lung injury (ALI) induced by cardiac pulmonary bypass (CPB).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty patients, scheduled to receive cardiac valve replacement by CPB for the first time, were equally randomized into 2 groups, the treated group and the control group. Cardiac valve replacement was performed under extracorporeal circulation after general anaesthesia. SMI 0.6 mL/kg was given to the treated group by adding in 250 mL physiological saline for intravenous dripping at the time between intubation under anaesthesia and CPB, while 250 mL physiological saline was given to the control group alone. Blood-gas analysis was performed with blood withdrawal from the radial artery to record PaO2, PaCO2, fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2), by them the alveolar-arterial difference of partial oxygen pressure [P(A-a) DO2] was calculated, and the respiratory index (RI), the blood concentrations of soluble intercellular adhesion molelue-1 (sICAM-1), endothelin-1 (ET-1) and nitric oxide (NO) were measured at various time points, i.e. before anesthesia induction, 0.5 h, 2 h, 6 h and 24 h after ending CPB.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All indices wer not significantly different between the two groups before operation (P > 0.05). After CPB, P(A-a) DO2 and RI were gradually elevated and reached the peak at 2 h after ending CPB, the increment in the treated group was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Compared with the P(A-a) DO2 before anesthesia induction, P (A-a) DO2 at 0.5-24 h was statistically different (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Compared with the RI before anesthesia induction, RI at 2-24 h was statistically different (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Blood concentrations of sICAM-1 gradually raised after CPB, and reached the peak at 2 h after ending CPB, showed a higher level at 0.5-6 h after ending CPB as compared with that before anesthesia induction (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Blood ET-1 showed a figure of increasing as sICAM did (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), and with a lower degree at 0.5-2 h after ending CPB in the treated group (P < 0. 01). Blood NO obviously reduced after CPB, it was lower at 0.5-24 h after ending CPB than at that before anesthesia induction (P < 0.01), and the decrement was lesser in the treated group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SMI can attenuate the acute lung injury after CPB by way of inhibiting vascular endothelial cell adhesion with inflammatory cells, antagonizing lipid peroxidation, and improving the ventilation and oxygenation function of lung.</p>